Swords of the World: A List of 181 Types from Every Corner of the Globe
What’s in this article?
Welcome to the world of swords! Attempting to compile an extensive list of the world’s various sword kinds would be an enormous undertaking simply because there might be one too many of them. But fear not, for we here at SwordEncyclopedia have made it our mission to assist your exploration of the fascinating world of swords. Each sword type will be sorted into a category according to the continent on which it was made.
“The history of the sword is the history of humanity” – The book of the Sword, Richard Francis Burton 19th century
All types of swords, be it formidable Katanas, elegant Scimitars, mysterious Ulfberhts, or ritualistic Macuahuitls have their own history and represent the culture from which it was forged. Join us in this journey and undertaking as we explore the origins, development, characteristics, and uses of swords from around the world.
Although one of the most comprehensive collections of swords you’ll find online, please note that it is continually a work in progress. Some swords may be missing or unresearched at the moment, but that will change as time goes on and we gain access to more resources.
European Swords
European swords refer to the different swords used in Europe from ancient times to the modern era. These swords were used for combat, self-defense, and ceremonial purposes. Throughout the years, the swords were made from different materials like bronze, iron, and steel. They also had different blade shapes and hilts, with the cruciform guard straight sword being the most popular and recognizable European Sword today.
In European history, swords played a role in building and destroying empires, giving rise to the nations that we recognize today. Because of this, they have greatly influenced the culture of Europe, resulting in a significant number of folklore, myths, and legends. Some of the most popular swords seen in modern media are European Swords such as the Greek Kopis, Scottish Claymore, German Great Swords, Italian and Spanish Rapiers, and so on.
Ancient
Historians can’t agree on when or where swords were first used in Europe. If we accept Oakeshott’s argument, it is believed to be around the 16th century BC. Although there are others who believe that the first European sword prototype dates back to the 30th century BC, it is thought to be used only for ritual and ceremonial purposes.
Bronze was the first material utilized to create swords that were suitable for use in battle. The Celtics’ mastery of sword making along with their discovery of iron, resulted in a wide range of sword styles that would go on to impact generations of bladed combatants across Europe.
“Go near, strike with a long spear or a sword at close range, and kill a man. Set foot against foot, press shield against shield, fling crest against crest, helmet against helmet, and chest against chest” – Tyrtaeus, 7th century BC
In much of European antiquity, the spear was the primary weapon in battles. As iron was replaced by steel, swords were invented. Gradually, the use of swords spread throughout the whole of Europe.
| Sword Name | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aegean Arslan Tepe Dagger Swords | Aegean & Modern Turkey 30th century BC | Ceremonial, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 15 to 23 inches (40 to 60 cm) |
| Crete Minoan & Mycenaean Swords | Minoan Civilization & Aegean 17th century BC | Ceremonial, Thrusting | One or Two-handed, Double-edged, Straight 30 to 45 inches (75 to 115 cm) |
| Naue Swords | Central / Western / North Europe 16th /12th century BC | Ceremonial, Warfare, Thrusting & Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 24 to 31 inches (60 to 80 cm) |
| Late Bronze Age & Iron Hallstatt Swords | Western / Central Europe 9th / 7th century BC | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Warfare, Thrusting & Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 20 to 31 inches (50 to 80 cm) |
| Celtic & La Tene Swords | Celtic Europe 6th / 5th century BC | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 20 to 51 inches (50 to 130 cm) |
| Xiphos | Ancient Greece 6th / 5th century BC | Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, Leaf-shaped 18 to 24.5 inches (45 to 60 cm) |
| Falcata | Iberia 6th / 5th century BC | Warfare, Ceremonial, Ritual, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Forward swept 24.5 inches (60 cm) |
| Kopis & Makhaira | Ancient Greece 6th / 5th century BC | Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Forward swept 26 inches (65 cm) |
| Sica | Thracian / Illyrian / Celtic 5th century BC | Agriculture, Daily-tool, Warfare, Combat, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, sickle-like radical curve 16 to 20 inches (40 to 50 cm) |
| Acinaces | Scythian / Persian 5th century BC | Ceremonial/ Ritual/ Symbol of Status/ Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged 15 to 23 inches (35 to 60 cm) |
| Rhomphaia | Thracian 4th / 3rd century BC | Agriculture, daily-tool, Warfare, Slashing | Two-handed, Single-edged, sickle-like shape 30 to 51 inches (75 to 130 cm) |
| Gladius | Iberia / Celtic / Ancient Rome 3rd / 2nd century BC | Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 18 to 25 inches (45 to 65 cm) |
| Falx | Dacia 2nd / 1st century BC | Agriculture, daily-tool, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, sickle-like shape 20 to 51 inches (50 to 130 cm) |
| Spatha | Roman / Celtic 1st century BC / 1st century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 cm) |
Medieval
When it came to weapons, the sword held the highest regard throughout medieval Europe. Not only was it a great weapon of combat, typically passed down from generation to generation, but it had also become a symbol of status as a person is knighted using a sword.
The Spatha, along with other ancient swords, likely influenced the design of the earliest swords used during this time period. Blacksmiths from the Carolingian era were mostly responsible for spreading it over Europe. The first cruciform hilt crossguards appeared and these swords were mostly used for Slashing.
“When battle is joined, no noble knight thinks of anything other than breaking heads and arms (swords)” – Baron Bertran de Born, 11th century AD
Cutting through chain mail required a big sword, and that’s exactly what early medieval warriors developed and used with time. Longer, more pointed thrusting swords were developed as a response to the rise of effective plate armor in the late middle ages.
| Sword | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Migration / Merovingian Sword | Central Europe / Frankish 4th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One-handed, Straight’ Double-edged, small guard 27 to 35 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Ring Sword | Central Europe / Frankish 5th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, ring pommel, small guard 27 to 35 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Seax | Central / North Europe 5th / 6th century AD | Daily Tool Activities, agriculture, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Straight with blade ridge 14 to 31 inches (35 to 80 cm) |
| Carolingian / Viking Sword | Frankish 8th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of Status, Trade, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, double-edged guard 27 to 39 inches (70 to 100 cm) |
| Ulfberht | Frankish 9th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of Status, prestigious, Slashing | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, blade inscriptions 27 to 39 inches (70 to 100 cm) |
| Knightly/ Arming Sword | Central Europe 10th / 11th century AD | Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, cruciform guard 28 to 37 inches (70 to 95 cm) |
| Paramerion | Easter Roman Empire 12th / 11th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Curved 26 to 36 inches (66 to 90 cm) |
| Crusader Sword | Europe 12th century | Warfare, Religious ideals, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Straight, Cruciform guard 28 to 37 inches (70 to 95 cm) |
| Templar Sword | Europe 12th century | Warfare, Religious ideals, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Straight, Cruciform guard 28 to 37 inches (70 to 95 cm) |
| Longsword | Central Europe 13th / 12th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Fencing / Dueling, Martial Arts, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight, cruciform guard 40 to 51 inches (100 to 130 cm) |
| Hunting Sword | Central / Western Europe 13th / 12th century | Hunting, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight or Curved, single or Double-edged, short crossguard 18 to 31 inches (45 to 80 cm) |
| Messer | Germany / Central Europe 13th century AD | Warfare, Martial Arts, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Straight and slightly Curved, crossguard 36 to 43 inches (90 to 110 cm) |
| Anelace | Central / Western Europe 13th / 14th century AD | Defensive civilian weapon, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 16 to 24 inches (40 to 60 cm) |
| Falchion | Western / Central Europe 13th / 14th century | Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight and slightly Curved Single-edged, sharp tip 27 to 38 inches (70 to 95 cm) |
| Estoc | France 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, hunting, Thrusting | Two-handed, Straight, sharp tip point, needle like, different guard types 27 to 52 inches (68 to 130 cm) |
| Bastard Sword | Western / Central / South Europe 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, fencing / dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight, cruciform guard 23 to 43 inches (80 to 110 cm) |
| Hand and a Half Sword | Western / Central / South Europe 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, fencing / dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight, cruciform guard 22 to 32 inches (55 to 80 cm) |
Early Modern & Modern Period
Although firearms were becoming more and more essential with the military revolution that accompanied the Renaissance, cold steel and swords were still a decisive factor in battle, especially for cavalry. Infantry swords were typically thrusting weapons in the early 16th century.
The cavalry preferred larger, double-edged swords that could be used against both mounted and dismounted foes, but they still had to be able to swing downwards at infantry troops. However, modern military sword designs have begun to place equal emphasis on aesthetics and functionality. Elegant as they were, we doubt they were any less lethal.
“If they be the first to draw the sword, I shall be the last to sheath it” – Napoleon Bonaparte, 1803 AD
Over time, the swords were mostly used by cavalry troops compared to infantry soldiers. The curved sabre which had strong eastern influences and spread across Europe through Hungary and the Ottoman Empire became the standard European sword.
Even though European swords hold a very prestigious and ceremonial role in various armies throughout the world, today, the sword is mostly being used in fencing where competitors employ a sword for attack or defense in line with a set of rules and procedures. Fencing as a sport did not emerge until the latter part of the nineteenth century, despite the fact that the use of swords and swordplay extended back to prehistoric times and ancient civilizations. This sport developed from what was originally a branch of military coaching.
| Sword | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Backsword | Britain / Western / Central Europe 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Straight, Knuckle Guard 33 to 39 inches (83 to 100 cm) |
| Stiletto | Italy 15th century AD | Ceremonial, Warfare, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Short guard 15 inches (40 cm) |
| Claymore | Scotland 15th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial , Symbol of Status, Slashing | Two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Large crossguard 47 to 55 inches (120 to 140 cm) |
| Karabela / Szabla | Eastern Europe / Poland / Hungary 15th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Straight crossguard 30 to 35 inches (75 to 90 cm) |
| Schiavona / Slavonic Sword | Italy 15th / 16th century | Warfare, Fencing/Dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, basket, knuckle or Straight guard |
| Sarass | Hungary 15th / 16th century | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Straight crossguard, yalman 27 to 36 inches (68 to 90 cm) |
| Spadone | Italy 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Fencing / Dueling, Martial Arts, Slashing, Thrusting | Two-handed, Double-edged, Straight, Large crossguard with second feather guard 65 inches (165 cm) |
| Cinquedea | Italy 15th / 16th century AD | Ceremonial, Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, broad blade, art canvas 22 inches (55 cm) |
| Hybrid Swords | Western / Central / Southern Europe 15th / 16th century AD | Ceremonial, experimental, Symbol of Status | One-handed, glove handle, pistol, shield with spikes, Double-edged 20 inches (50 cm) |
| Zweihander | Germany 16th century AD | Warfare, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing, Piercing | Two-handed, Double-edged, two sets of cruciform / narrowed guards 5 to 7 feet (150 to 220 cm) |
| Flamberge | Germany 16th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing, Piercing | One or two-handed, Double-edged, flame-like blade 20 to 86 inches (50 to 220 cm) |
| Katzbalger | Germany 16th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, s-shaped guard 28 to 31 inches (70 to 80 cm) |
| Boar Sword | Germany 16th century AD | Hunting, Ceremonial, Thrusting | Two-handed, Straight, Double-edged tip, two sets of crossguards 43 to 53 inches (110 to 135 cm) |
| Side Sword | Italy 16th century AD | Warfare, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, different crossguards 35 inches (90 cm) |
| Hanger Sword | Central / Western/ Southern Europe 16th century AD | Secondary, Warfare, Symbol of Status, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight or Curved, single or Double-edged, short crossguard 25 inches (65 cm) |
| Executioner’s Sword | Central / Western Europe 16th century AD | Ceremonial, Slashing | Two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, blunt tip, cruciform guard 32 to 35 inches (80 to 90 cm) |
| Rapier | Spain 16th century AD | Ceremonial, fencing / dueling, Martial Arts, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, different styles of guard 45 to 53 inches (114 to 135 cm) |
| Main-Gauche | Central / Western Southern Europe 16th / 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Fencing / Dueling, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight and needle like, Large crossguard with basket 21 inches (55 cm) |
| Broadsword | Western / Central Europe 16th / 17th century AD | Warfare, Martial Arts, Fencing / Dueling, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, basket or Knuckle Guard 35 to 43 inches(90 to 110 cm) |
| Sword Cane | Central / Western Europe 16th / 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, dueling, defensive, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, needle like, No Guard 37 to 51 inches (95 to 130 cm) |
| Pistol Swords | Central / Western Europe 16th / 17th century AD | Experimental, firing, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, short or long blade, Curved or Straight, small or large pistol |
| Smallsword | Western / Central Europe 17th century AD | Ceremonial, fencing / dueling, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, needle like, knuckle or crossguard 24 to 33 inches (60 to 83 cm) |
| European Sabers | Eastern / Central Europe 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, different styles of guard 27 to 43 inches (70 to 110 cm) |
| Shashka | Eastern Europe / Cossack 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, fencing / dueling, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, No Guard 31 to 41 inches (80 to 105 cm) |
| Cutlass | United Kingdom 17th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Knuckle Guard 28 to 36 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Pirate Sword | Western Europe 17th / 18th century | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, basket hilt 28 inches (70 cm) |
| Pillow Sword | Central / Western Europe 17th /18th century AD | Ceremonial | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, Straight crossguard 15 to 20 inches (40 to 50 cm) |
| Dragoon Sabre | Central / Eastern / Western Europe 18th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | One-handed, Curved or Straight, single edged, Knuckle Guard, heavier than regular sabre |
| Foil | Western Europe 17th / 18th century AD | Fencing / Dueling, Martial Arts | One-handed, Straight, Flexible, Knuckle Cup guard 35 to 43 inches (90 to 110 cm) |
| Epee | Western Europe 17th / 18th century | Fencing/Dueling, Martial Arts | One-handed, Straight, Flexible, Cup guard 35 to 43 inches (90 to 110 cm) |
| Sabre Fencing | Western Europe 19th century | Fencing/Dueling, Martial Arts | One-handed, Straight, Flexible, Cup guard 35 to 43 inches (90 to 110 cm) |
Asian Swords
While the main weapon used by Asians during ancient times was the bow and crossbow, the sword played a great part, particularly during close quarters combat. Swordsmiths first made Asian swords from bronze which then evolved to iron and finally steel. In East Asia, there are multiple different steels such as wootz and tamahagane which are used in the creation of some of the most popular swords today.
In many Asian societies, swords were intrinsically linked to particular beliefs, lifestyles, and honor codes. This continent is also where the Martial Arts using swords developed. Today, the sword is still an integral element of various Asian civilizations.
Chinese Swords
Archaeological evidence lends credence to the idea that China was manufacturing swords well before Japan. Traditional Chinese swords were often made from a variety of metals like copper and bronze. Eventually iron was used and metallurgy then led to the creation of steel.
China became the primary center for sword production, giving rise to a large number of swords and influencing the metallurgy and design of swords throughout the rest of Asia (Japan, Korea, Vietnam, India, Mongolia, etc.) and beyond. Even though spears and bows were the most common weapons used in this region, both straight and later, curved swords were frequently used in combat and rites.
“Even the finest sword plunged into salt water will eventually rust.” – Sun Tzu, 5th century BC
As a cultural artifact, the Chinese sword has long been highly valued in China. A status symbol and used in self-defense, swords were essential throughout China’s existence. It is from these areas that we can identify one of the first traces of Martial Arts using swords which served not only as a means of self-defense, but also as a philosophical and lifestyle guide.
| Sword | Origin / Date | Use | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper Swords | 30th / 26 century BC | Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of Status | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, No Guard |
| Bronze Swords | 16th / 12th century BC | Ceremonial, Ritual, Warfare, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, No Guard 20 inches (50 cm) |
| Zhibei dao (直背刀) | 11th century BC | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Single-edged, No Guard 20 to 24 inches (50 to 60 cm) |
| Long Quan Dao | 8th / 7th century BC | Ceremonial, Warfare, Symbol of Status, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, circle small guard 31 to 39 inches (80 to 100 cm) |
| Jian (剑） | 7th / 5th century BC | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged. Small guard 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 cm) |
| Duan Jian | 5th century BC | Ceremonial, Warfare, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, No Guard 15 to 20 inches (40 to 50 cm) |
| Tai Chi Sword | 5th century BC | Martial Arts, Ceremonial, Entertainment | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, small hook guard 27 to 31 inches (70 to 80 cm) |
| Shuangshou Jian （双手剑） | 2nd century BC / 2nd century AD | Warfare, Slashing | Two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, small guard 48 to 60 inches (120 to 153 cm) |
| Zhanma dao (斬馬刀) | 2nd century BC / 9th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | Two-handed, slightly Curved, Single-edged, round circular guard, large handle 59 to 80 inches(150 to 180 cm) |
| Dao (刀） | 2nd century BC / 2 century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One or two handed, Curved, Single-edged, round circular guard 23 to 70 inches (60 to 180 cm) |
| Hook Sword | 3th century BC / 16th century AD | Militia civilian defensive use, Daily Tool Activities and Martial Arts, Slashing | One-handed, Straight, hook like tip, bladed guard, dual-wielded 23 to 40 inches (60 to 100 cm) |
| Yanmaodao (雁毛刀) | 13th century AD | Warfare, Martial Arts and Daily Tool Activities, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight and very slightly Curved, Round Guard 27 to 39 inches (70 to 100 cm) |
| Wo dao (倭刀) | 13th / 14th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Round Guard 39 to 47 inches(100 to 120 cm) |
| Achang or Husa Sword | 13th / 14th century | Everyday tool like activities, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, slightly Curved, two spiked blade tip, No Guard 23 to 31 inches (60 to 80 cm) |
| Nan Dao (南刀） | 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Slashing, Martial Arts, Daily Tool Activities, entertainment | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, ring pommel, tassel 25 to 29 inches (65 to 75 cm) |
| Pian Dao (片刀) | 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Slashing, skirmish weapon | One-handed, very strong radical curve, Single-edged 31 to 35 inches (50 to 90 cm) |
| Chang Dao (长刀) | 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, round circular guard, large handle 3.9 to 5.9 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters) |
| Yanchi Dao (雁翅刀) | 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, round circular guard 31 inches (80 cm) |
| Liuyedao (柳叶刀) | 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, narrowed handle, round circular guard 35 to 39 inches (90 to 100 cm) |
| Miao Dao (苗刀) | 16th / 20th century AD | Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two handed, slightly Curved, Single-edged, round circular guard 47 to 55 inches (120 to 140 cm) |
| Jiu Huan Dao (九环刀） | 17th / 18th century AD | Warfare, Daily Tool Activities, entertainment | One or two-handed, Curved with broad blade tip, 9 rings on the blade, ring pommel |
| Butterfly Sword (蝴蝶双刀) | 17th / 19th century AD | Militia combat, defensive tool, Slashing, Martial Arts, Fencing/Dueling | One-handed, Curved or Straight, single or Double-edged, hook guard, dual-wielded 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) |
| Tuan Lian Jian (團練劍) | 18th century AD | Ceremonial, entertainment | One-handed, Straight, dual-wielded 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) |
| Niuweidao (牛尾刀) | 18th / 19th century | Militia combat, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, broad blade tip, Round Guard 27 to 37 inches (70 to 95 cm) |
| Da Dao (大刀） | 20th / 19th century AD | Militia combat, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, broad blade, Single-edged, hook guard 30 to 37 inches (78 to 95 cm) |
Japanese Swords
The Japanese initially imported swords from China, but by 1000 AD, they had mastered their own style and form of the single-edged, curved blade that remained mostly unchanged for the following thousand years. Japanese sword blades were made so that they could be detached from their hilts so that the same blade may be passed down through the generations. This way, the sword became an heirloom, increasing both its value and meaning.
To this day, the Japanese continue to be renowned for their swords and swordsmanship, thanks to the legendary samurais. The samurai blade was the most prized possession of any warrior. When a samurai was born into a family, a sword was given to the family and then buried with the samurai. Indeed, a samurai was known to keep his sword under his pillow as he slept.
“The sword has to be more than a simple weapon, it has to be an answer to life’s questions.” – Miyamoto Musashi, 16th century AD
Although the Samurai sword of Japan served as a supplementary weapon in battle, it has since come to represent much more than just a means of physical defense. These swords have inspired the culture, values, and a variety of Martial Arts today.
Real Japanese Swords may be found all over the world, and they are quite, if not the most expensive. Even the Japanese government has started to acquire them and place them among its National Treasures.
| Sword | Origin / Date | Use | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chokuto | 3rd / 2nd century BC | Warfare, Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of Status, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight, Single-edged, large pommel 27 to 35 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Tsurugi | 2nd century BC | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Ritual, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged 12 to 27 inches (30 to 70 cm) |
| Tachi | 8th / 9th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One or two-handed, strongly Curved, Single-edged, large handle 23 to 33 inches (60 to 85 cm) |
| Uchigatana | 9th / 10th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | One or Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged 23 to 27 inches (60 to 70 cm) |
| Tanto | 9th / 10th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Thrusting, Martial Arts | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged 11 inches (30 cm) |
| Nagamaki | 11th / 12th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, very large handle 35 to 47 inches (90 to 120 cm) |
| Kodachi | 12th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged 24 inches (60 cm) |
| Odachi | 12th / 13th century | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged 35 to 51 inches (90 to 130 cm) |
| Katana | 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Martial Arts | Two-handed, Curved, Single-edged 39 inches (100 cm) |
| Naginata Sword | 8th / 12th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Martial Arts, Slashing | Two-handed, Straight, Single-edged, polearm handle 4.9 to 9.8 ft (150 to 300 cm) |
| Wakizashi | 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged 12 to 20 inches (30 to 50 cm) |
| Daisho (Set of Katana & Wakizashi) | 14th century AD | Warfare kit, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged |
| Masamune Swords | 13th / 14th century AD | Exceptionally made swords | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged |
| Muramasa Swords | 14th / 15th century AD | Exceptionally made swords with folklore tales | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged |
| Sai Sword | 14th / 15th century AD | Militia combat, defensive tool, Martial Arts, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, dual-wielded, three blades 13 to 20 inches (35 to 50 cm) |
| Shikomizue | 16th / 17th / 18th century AD | Hidden cane sword, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Single-edged 20 to 27 inches (50 to 70 cm) |
| Iaito | 17th / 16th century AD | Martial Arts, Daily Tool Activities, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged 23 to 43 inches (60 to 110 cm) |
| Shinai | 16th century AD | Bamboo sword for Daily Tool Activities, Martial Arts | Two-handed, Straight 43 to 49 inches (110 to 125 cm) |
| Bokken | 14th century AD | Wooden sword for Daily Tool Activities, Martial Arts | One or two-handed, Curved |
| Ninjato | 20th century AD | Media, assassinations, utility tool, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight, Single-edged 19 to 23 inches (50 to 60 cm) |
Indian Swords
India, like many other ancient civilizations, made extensive use of bronze and copper swords, some of which date back as far as the 20th century BC, they included the antenna sword and other double-edged bladed weapons. The crucible steel, also known as wootz, was developed in this region sometime around the 1st millennium BC and has become synonymous with Indian swordsmanship.
“…it is impossible to find anything to surpass the (wootz steel sword) edge” – Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Idris al-Idrisi, 12th-century AD
Those who practiced Martial Arts with or without swords developed some of the first forms of the art. Because of this, the Indian sword has gained a reputation as one of the most prestigious weapons, and despite being superseded by more modern tools, it continues to serve an essential function in Indian culture.
| Sword | Origin / Date | Use | Specifics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khanda | 5th century BC / 2nd century AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Slightly blunt / broad tip 37 inches ( 95 cm) |
| Urumi | 2nd century BC / 3rd century AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Defensive, Warfare, Martial Arts, Slashing / Whipping | One-handed, flexible belt-like blade, many blades 4 to 5.5 feet (120 to 168 cm long) |
| Sousan | 13th / 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Curved tip with yalman 31 inches (80 cm) |
| Pata / Gauntlet Sword | 13th / 14th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Dueling, Martial Arts, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Glove handle and guard 27 to 31 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Hengdang | 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, No Guard, Large handle 35 inches (90 cm) |
| Talwar | 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Daily Tool Activities and Martial Arts, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged 27 to 31 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Firangi | 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Martial Arts, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Knuckle Guard 35 inches (90 cm) |
| Odi Kathi | 16th / 17th century AD | Agriculture, Daily Tool Activities, Symbol of Status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edge, Broad Recurved tip 13 to 19 inches (35 to 50 cm) |
| Sukhela / Dhop | 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, open or closed guard 33 inches (85 cm) |
| Indian Rapier | 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Fencing / Dueling, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, needle-like 47 inches (120 cm) |
| Moplah | 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Agriculture, Daily Tool Activities, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Broad blade, No Guard 23 inches (60 cm) |
| Kirsch | 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single-edged Slightly curved, Knuckle guard 35 inches (90 cm) |
| Naga Dao | 1st millennium AD | Agriculture, Daily Tool Activities, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, Curved, Broad blade with two tips 17 to 25 inches (45 to 65 cm) |
| Ram Dao | 1st millennium AD / 1st millennium BC | Ceremonial, Sacrificial, Ritual, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Broad blade recurved tip 23 to 31 inches (60 to 80 cm) |
| Tegha / Indian Zulfiqar | 2nd millennium AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Warfare | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Sharp or fork like tip, Heavy 47 inches (120 cm) |
| Aruval | 2nd millennium AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Agriculture, Daily tool, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Straight and curved blade tip, No guard 18 to 70 inches (45 to 180 cm) |
| Kayamkulam | 18th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged 33 inches (85 cm) |
| Golia | 19th century AD | Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Very strong curve, Single-edged 38 inches (95 cm) |
Other Asian Swords
Swords have been produced throughout the vast continent of Asia, not just in the more famous sword making nations such as China, Japan, and India. Although their influence was widespread, indigenous people continued to develop their own distinctive blades for rituals and combat purposes. One of the most popular ones is the curved sword used by the mounted steppe units.
The hardy nomadic people of Central Asia also gave rise to some of the most successful mounted soldiers in the history of the medieval period. They were able to achieve consistent victories over the armies of established civilizations by relying mostly on the composite bow as their primary weapon and the curved blades that are extremely powerful for slashing their enemies.
“His warriors are as brave as lions, so none of the fatigues or hardships of war can injure them. They know neither ease nor rest. When they effect a conquest, they leave nothing alive either large or small.” – Report to the Shah of Khwarizmia, 13th century AD
Swords have deep historical and cultural roots in many Asian countries, giving rise to a wide variety of Martial Arts and mythology. Some of these swords are still in use today and required for both military and civilian purposes.
| Sword | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hwandudaedo | Korea 1st century BC | Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of status, Warfare, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, ring pommel, No guard 15 to 35 inches (40 to 115 cm) |
| Kiem | Vietnam 1st millennium BC / AD | Ceremonial, Warfare, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight 36 inches (90 cm) |
| Patag | Bhutan 6th / 7th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 23 to 31 inches (60 to 90 cm) |
| Turko-Mongol Sabre | Eurasian Steppes 7th / 8th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved 30 to 40 inches (70 to 100 cm) |
| Kris / Keris | Indonesia 8 / 9th century AD / 14th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Ritual, Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Double or single-edged, Straight or curved, Wavy blade form 6 to 19 inches (15 to 50 cm) |
| Dha | Thailand 12th / 13th century | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Large handle 19 to 25 inches (50 to 65 cm) |
| Kampilan | Philippines 13th / 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Ritual, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Slightly curved, Small guard 36 to 40 inches (90 to 100 cm) |
| In Geom | Korea 14th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged 15 to 23 inches (40 to 60 cm) |
| Barong | Philippines 14th century AD | Agriculture, Daily Tool, Ceremonial, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved and broad bladed, No guard 15 to 23 inches (40 to 60 cm) |
| Guam | Vietnam 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved 23 to 35 inches (60 to 90 cm) |
| Hwando | Korea 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Round guard |
| Guom Truong | Vietnam 15th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Curved 27 to 35 inches (70 to 90 cm) |
| Bolo | Philippines 16th / 17th century AD | Warfare, Daily Tool, Agriculture, Martial arts, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, No guard 17 to 25 inches (45 to 65 cm) |
| Kastane | Sri Lanka 16th / 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Knuckle guard, Highly ornamented 20 to 27 inches (50 to 70 cm) |
| Kukri | Nepal 16th / 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, No guard 13 to 19 inches (35 to 50 cm) |
| Tonkin Guam | Vietnam 16th / 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved 31 to 39 inches (80 to 100 cm) |
| Pulwar | Afghanistan 18th / 19th century | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Guard quillons toward blade 33 to 41 inches (85 to 105 cm) |
| Panabas | Philippines 18th / 19th century AD | Agriculture, Daily Tool, Ceremonial, Warfare, Symbol of status, Slashing | Two handed, Single-edged, Curved, No guard 31 to 47 inches (80 to 120 cm) |
| Thanh Guam | Vietnam 19th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved 33 inches (85 cm) |
Middle Eastern Swords
The first civilizations to make the transition from stone to the iron blades today evolved in the Middle East. Although they were extremely scarce, they eventually became the principal symbol of combat and were permanently etched into the culture of many societies in these areas.
It was here that numerous civilizations and sword styles started. Being at the crossroads of Eastern and Western influences led to a cultural collision that resulted in a wide array of weapons. Sickle-shaped blades, straight blades, and the curved blades that will shape the western hemisphere’s history are all first seen in this region.
“When the white swords’ points are red with blood, and the iron of the brown lances is stained with gore! This is war, and the man who shuns the whirlpool to save his life shall grind his teeth in penitence. This is war, and the infidel’s sword is naked in his hand, ready to be sheathed again in men’s necks and skulls.”
– Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami, 11th century AD
The Middle East was where the Islamic religion was founded. This region then adopted the curved sword as its primary weapon shortly after its founding. It was also the source of a great number of distinct sword variants, as well as the illustrious Damascus Steel artistry, which was well-known across the world even during the medieval period.
| Sword | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sumerian Sickle Sword | Sumeria / Mesopotamia30th / 25th century BC | Agriculture, Daily Tool, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Sickle like shape, No guard |
| Sappara | Assyria 13th century BC | Warfare, Daily Tool, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Sickle-like shape 20 inches (55 cm) |
| Bronze / Iron Hittite swords | Hittite 12th / 9/8th century BC | Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of status, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight, No guard 12 to 25 inches (30 to 55 cm) |
| Acinaces | Persia / Scythia 5th century BC | Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of status, Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight 20 inches (55 cm) |
| Sassanian Sword | Persian4th / 7th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight 29 to 39 inches (85 to 100 cm) |
| Saif | Arabic6th / 9th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single or double edged, Straight / Curved, L-shaped pommel 35 inches (90 cm) |
| Zulfiqar | Arabic 7th century AD | Ceremonial, Religious ideals, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Two blade tips 39 to 43 inches (100 to 110 cm) |
| Scimitar Swords | Arabic 9th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, L-shaped pommel 36 to 36 inches (76 to 92 cm) |
| Damascus Steel Sword | Syria 9th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Trade, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single or Double-edged, Curved or straight, Water-like blade pattern 12 to 51 inches (30 to 130 cm) |
| Shamshir | Persia 12th / 16th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Strong curve, L-shaped pommel 35 to 41 inches (90 to 105 cm) |
| Kilij | Turkey 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, yalman (broad tip), cross guard, L-shaped pommel 27 to 43 inches (68 to 110 cm) |
| Yataghan | Turkey 14th / 15th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Daily tool, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Very slightly Curved, No guard 23 to 35 inches (60 to 90 cm) |
| Mameluke | Mamluk 19th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Curved, L-shaped pommel 37 inches (95 cm) |
African Swords
The origins of African swords may be traced back to ancient Egypt where they were used as ceremonial and ritual daggers. These sickle-like tools would eventually go on to impact many other ancient cultures before evolving into bronze swords. As iron and steel were discovered, a wide variety of swords came to be. While Northern Africa is more commonly associated with swords, the entire continent is home to a broad variety of lethal swords and bladed weaponry.
The region north of the Sahara and the Eastern Coast, influenced by the Arabs and Ottoman Turks, used weaponry that was generally consistent with the rest of the Islamic world. On the other hand, traditions to the southern parts of the Sahara gave rise to distinctive arms that included everything from a plain stick with pointed branches to lavishly painted metal paddles. Even when European colonial powers lost control of sections of Africa in the 19th century, several of these weapons remained in use.
“We will go and eat up the white man and finish them off. They are not going to take you while we are here. They must take us first.” – Zulu army, 19th century AD
Most of the swords were employed for ceremonial purposes such as in rites of sacrifice or honor. Their characteristics are unique and despite looking menacing and unorthodox, they can be incredibly dangerous.
| Sword | Origin / Region | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khopesh | Ancient Egypt 25th / 17 / 16th century BC | Daily tool, Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, sickle-like shape, Single-edged 20 to 23 inches (50 to 60 cm) |
| Ancient Egyptian Short Sword | Ancient Egypt 16th to 11th century BC | Ceremonial, Decoration, Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, sharp tip 12 inches (32 cm) |
| Ancient Egyptian Long Sword | Ancient Egypt 16th to 11th century BC | Ceremonial, Decoration, Warfare, Thrusting | One-handed, Straight, Double-edged, sharp tip 16 inches (41 cm) |
| Mambele | North East Africa 1st millennium BC / AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Daily tool, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, sickle like shape curve, widened blade tip 22 to 30 inches (55 to 76 cm) |
| Ida | West Africa 7th / 8th century AD | Agriculture, Hunting, Ceremonial, Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, No Guard, Straight, Broad blade tip 16 to 23 inches (40 to 60 cm) |
| Shotel / Gurade | North East Africa 10th century AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Daily tool, Warfare, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Strong curve, Small guard 40 inches (1 meter) |
| Kaskara | North East / East Africa 14th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Cruciform guard 39 inches (100 cm) |
| Takouba | Central / West Africa 14th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Double-edged, Straight, Cruciform, Large and broad guard 29 to 35 inches (73 to 90 cm) |
| Nimcha | North Africa 16th / 17th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Slashing | One-handed, Single-edged, Pistol pommel with quillons guard 39 inches (100 cm) |
| Akrafena | West Africa 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Ritual, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Broad blade tip, Large decorated pommel27 to 39 inches (70 to 100 cm) |
| Ada / Omozo | West / Central Africa 17th century AD | Ceremonial, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Curved, Single-edged, Broad recurved blade tip 15 to 59 inches (40 to 150 cm) |
| Ikakalaka / Kuba Konda | Central Africa 17th / 18th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing | One or two-handed, Straight, Crescent like tip, Double-edged 23 to 30 inches (58 to 76 cm) |
| Manding | East / West Africa 18th century AD | Ceremonial, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single-edged, No guard, Small leather handle 23 to 35 inches (60 to 90 cm) |
| Dahomey | West Africa 18th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Curved, Curved shape blade tip 15 to 39 inches (40 to 100 cm) |
| Al Olem | East Africa 18th / 19th century AD | Daily tool, Agriculture, Slashing | One-handed, Double-edged, Straight with broad tip 15 to 31 inches (40 to 80 cm) |
| Ngombe / Ngulu | Central Africa 18th / 19th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Agriculture, Slashing | One or two-handed, Single-edged, Unique number of curves and tips 21 to 29 inches (54 to 73 cm) |
| Sengese | West / Central Africa 19th / 18th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Throwing, Slashing | One-handed, Single or Double-edged blade, Snake or sickle like shape 21 inches (55 cm) |
| Flyssa | North West Africa 19th century AD | Warfare, Defensive tool, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single-edged, Slight inward curve, No guard 12 to 38 inches (30 to 97 cm) |
| Bilao | East Africa 19th / 20th century AD | Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Warfare, Slashing, Thrusting | One-handed, Single-edged, Straight, Large pommel 17 to 24 inches (40 to 70 cm) |
American Swords
Combat traditions among the peoples of the Americas had been evolving for millennia prior to the introduction of Europeans at the end of the 15th century. Since artillery or hardened metals were not available in pre-Columbian times, all military forces were composed of infantry. Wood, stone, copper, gold, and obsidian predominated as the primary materials for weapons. Since none of these would make for a good sword, they have yet to exist in battle.
“And the curs fought back furiously, dealing us wounds and death with their lances and their two-handed swords”
– Bernal Diaz Del Castillo, 16th century AD
The closest thing to a sword at the time were thorny wooden instruments. Once the Europeans arrived, they brought with them a new way of life that included the use of muskets and the art of making swords.
| Sword | Origin / Date | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macauhitl | Meso American 10th / 11th century AD | Ritual, Ceremonial, Symbol of Status, Slashing and bashing | One or two-handed, Straight, mace with bladed spikes 23 to 47 inches (60 to 120 cm) |
Post-Columbian American (Continental) Swords
Given Europe’s prime, North and South America adopted European sword styles, particularly sabres. Despite the rifle’s rise to prominence, American Swords were still being manufactured and saw service in both battle and military ceremonies. Even today, they still play a vital role.
Most of these swords were based on European swords with little to no deviation as there was simply no need for it because of the use of long-range firing weapons. The early swords were simply labeled as Spanish, German, English, or European swords.
“The time for war has not yet come, but it will come, and that soon; and when it does come, my advice is to draw the sword and throw away the scabbard.” – Stonewall Jackson, 1861 AD
Despite this, American swords are all fashioned after the European sword which was often a curved saber mostly used by cavalry troops or for ceremonial purposes. Some examples of American Swords include:
- Hanger – Secondary swords that “hung” from the belts of soldiers. They could be straight or curved and most were used as one-handed weapons. They were made pretty simple and cheap, but very effective if used in battles
- Artillery – These are the types of weaponry used by the artillery divisions. Such blades could be curved like a traditional saber or straight and short like a Roman Gladius. As a means of protecting artillery and stationary troops, they were developed for close-quarters battle and used one-handed.
- Cavalry – The American cavalry swords were the most frequent blades used in battle, and they were typically curved and employed for slashing by mounted soldiers. The longest of the American Swords, these blades served as weapons as well as ceremonial instruments.
- Naval – The swords carried by seafarers in the New World. They were the shortest of the American Swords and featured broad blades that were either curved or straight. It was used for thrusting and slashing in close quarters as this was the only form of sword fight that could occur between modern ships.
- Officer – The American public favors officer swords above all other types of bladed weapons. They weren’t always employed in combat, but the higher-ranking officers almost always had one on them. Mostly ornamental, these curved or straight blades could also be used for stabbing and thrusting in combat.
- Presentation – Nowadays, the most common type of American Sword is the Presentation Sword which was originally given as a sign of appreciation to officers or soldiers for their service and heroic deeds.
| Sword | Origin / Date | Uses | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| American (European style) Swords | America 19th century AD | Warfare, Ceremonial, Symbol of status, Slashing, Thrusting | One or two-handed, Single or double-edged, Straight or curved 17 to 47 inches(45 to 120 cm) |
| Masonic Sword | English / North American 18th / 19th century AD | Ceremonial | One or two-handed, Straight, Double-edged, Highly ornamental 15 to 49 inches (38 to 125 cm) |
