u003colu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eAlber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.u003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eChinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guardrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eA Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-swordrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eChinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japanrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eFine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guardrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eHúdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedaornu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eHūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushournu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eHùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-panrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eKim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.rnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eMilitary sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynastyrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eNanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsubarnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eA rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-swordrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eRepublican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jianrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eSeven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jianrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eShigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guardrnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eTūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkournu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eWelch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.rnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eWilliams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.rnu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ern tu003cliu003eu003cspan data-sheets-root=u00221u0022 data-sheets-value=u0022{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:2,u0026quot;2u0026quot;:u0026quot;1. Alber, D. (2014). The Taotie Image in Chinese Art, Culture, and Cosmology. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
2. Chinese openwork (loukong) saber guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-openwork-loukong-saber-guard
3. A Chinese scholar’s sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/chinese-scholars-sword
4. Chinese sword guards in Japan. (2020, July 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/blog/chinese-sword-guards-japan
5. Fine Canton-style export sword guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/fine-canton-style-export-sword-guard
6. Húdiédāo (蝴蝶刀). (2019, September 26). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hudiedao
7. Hūshǒu (護手). (2020, July 29). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou
8. Hùshǒu pán (護手盤). (2019, July 9). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/hushou-pan
9. Kim, L., Chao, H., u0026amp; Jaquet, D. (Eds.). (2022). Martial Culture and Historical Martial Arts in Europe and Asia: A Multi-perspective View on Sword Culture. Springer Nature Singapore.
10. Military sabers of the Qing dynasty. (2009, June 27). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/military-sabers-qing-dynasty
11. Nanban tsuba u0026amp; Asian export sword guards. (2017, March 4). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/article/nanban-tsuba
12. A rare Jinchuan sword. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/rare-jinchuan-sword
13. Republican period fighting jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/republican-period-fighting-jian
14. Seven stars militia jian. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/seven-stars-militia-jian
15. Shigeta, Y. (n.d.). Asian export disc guard. Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/asian-export-disc-guard
16. Tūnkǒu (吞口). (2021, July 28). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/tunkou-tunkou
17. Welch, P. B. (2012). Chinese Art: A Guide to Motifs and Visual Imagery. Tuttle Publishing.
18. Williams, C. A. S. (2018). Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs Fourth Revised Edition: A Comprehensive Handbook on Symbolism in Chinese Art Through the Ages. Tuttle Publishing.
19. Yidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu0026quot;}u0022 data-sheets-userformat=u0022{u0026quot;2u0026quot;:513,u0026quot;3u0026quot;:{u0026quot;1u0026quot;:0},u0026quot;12u0026quot;:0}u0022u003eYidao guard. (n.d.). Mandarin Mansion. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://www.mandarinmansion.com/item/yidao-guardu003c/spanu003eu003c/liu003ernu003c/olu003e